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ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist 認定 ISA-IEC-62443 試験問題 (Q17-Q22):

質問 # 17
What is the purpose of ICS-CERT Alerts?

A. To inform about hardware upgrades
B. To alert of targeted global energy sector threats
C. To advertise cybersecurity services
D. To notify the owners of critical infrastructure

正解：D

解説：
ICS-CERT (Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team) issues alerts to inform critical infrastructure owners and operators about newly discovered vulnerabilities, threats, and mitigation strategies.
"ICS-CERT Alerts provide timely information to critical infrastructure owners and operators concerning current security issues, vulnerabilities, and exploits."
- ICS-CERT Advisory Documentation (now under CISA)
Alerts may be sector-wide or vendor-specific, and are part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's proactive cyber defense strategy.
Clarification of Options:
Not specific to the energy sector only (D is too narrow)
Not promotional in nature (eliminates A and B)
References:
ICS-CERT Alert Guidance (now under CISA)
ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 - External threat awareness

質問 # 18
What is the formula for calculating risk?

A. Risk = Threat * Vulnerability * Consequence
B. Risk = Threat + Vulnerability + Consequence
C. Risk = Threat - Vulnerability * Consequence
D. Risk = Likelihood + Consequence

正解：A

解説：
The formula for risk in ISA/IEC 62443 is typically expressed as:
Risk = Threat × Vulnerability × Consequence
This means that risk is a product of the likelihood that a threat will exploit a vulnerability and the impact (consequence) if that event occurs. This formula is consistently used in both the general information security domain and explicitly referenced in the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard in the context of IACS risk assessments.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020, Section 5.2 ("Risk is typically calculated as Threat × Vulnerability × Consequence"); ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Section 5.2.4.

質問 # 19
Which of the following attacks relies on a human weakness to succeed?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

A. Phishing
B. Spoofing
C. Denial-of-service
D. Escalation-of-privileges

正解：A

解説：
Phishing is a type of cyberattack that relies on a human weakness to succeed. Phishing is the practice of sending fraudulent emails or other messages that appear to come from a legitimate source, such as a bank, a government agency, or a trusted person, in order to trick the recipient into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal details, or into clicking on malicious links or attachments that may install malware or ransomware on their devices. Phishing is a common and effective way of compromising the security of industrial automation and control systems (IACS), as it can bypass technical security measures by exploiting the human factor. Phishing can also be used to gain access to the IACS network, to conduct reconnaissance, to launch further attacks, or to cause damage or disruption to the IACS operations. The ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards recognize phishing as a potential threat vector for IACS and provide guidance and best practices on how to prevent, detect, and respond to phishing attacks. Some of the recommended countermeasures include:
* Educating and training the IACS staff on how to recognize and avoid phishing emails and messages, and how to report any suspicious or malicious activity.
* Implementing and enforcing policies and procedures for email and message security, such as using strong passwords, verifying the sender's identity, and not opening or clicking on unknown or unsolicited links or attachments.
* Applying technical security controls, such as antivirus software, firewalls, spam filters, encryption, and authentication, to protect the IACS devices and network from phishing attacks.
* Monitoring and auditing the IACS network and devices for any signs of phishing attacks, such as
* anomalous or unauthorized traffic, connections, or activities, and taking appropriate actions to contain and mitigate the impact of any incidents. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2009, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 1-1:
Terminology, concepts and models1
* ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-1: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program2
* ISA/IEC 62443-2-4:2015, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-4: Security program requirements for IACS service providers3
* ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels4
* ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components5

質問 # 20
Which factor drives the selection of countermeasures?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

A. Foundational requirements
B. Security levels
C. System design
D. Output from a risk assessment

正解：D

解説：
The selection of countermeasures is driven by the output from a risk assessment, which identifies the risks and their associated likelihood and consequences for each zone and conduit in the industrial automation and control system (IACS). The risk assessment also determines the target security level (SL-T) for each zone and conduit, which represents the desired level of protection against the identified threats. The countermeasures are then selected based on the SL-T and the existing security level (SL-A) of the zone and conduit, as well as the cost and feasibility of implementation. The countermeasures should aim to reduce the risk to an acceptable level by increasing the SL-A to meet or exceed the SL-T. References: ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2018 - Security risk assessment for system design, ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - System security requirements and security levels, ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course

質問 # 21
Which layer specifies the rules for Modbus Application Protocol
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

A. Presentation layer
B. Application layer
C. Data link layer
D. Session layer

正解：B

解説：
The Modbus Application Protocol is a messaging protocol that provides client/server communication between devices connected on different types of buses or networks. It is positioned at level 7 of the OSI model, which is the application layer. The application layer is the highest level of the OSI model and defines the rules and formats for data exchange between applications. The Modbus Application Protocol is independent of the underlying communication layers and can be implemented using different transport protocols, such as TCP/IP, serial, or Modbus Plus. The Modbus Application Protocoldefines the function codes, data formats, and error codes for Modbus transactions123 References:
* MODBUS APPLICATION PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION V1
* Modbus - Wikipedia
* Overview of Modbus - EPICS support for Modbus - GitHub Pages

質問 # 22
......

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ISA-IEC-62443無料過去問、ISA-IEC-62443試験対策書

有用的なISA-IEC-62443無料過去問 | 最初の試行で簡単に勉強して試験に合格する & 100% パスレートISA-IEC-62443: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist 認定 ISA-IEC-62443 試験問題 (Q17-Q22):

実用的ISA-IEC-62443｜完璧なISA-IEC-62443無料過去問試験｜試験の準備方法ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist試験対策書

有用的なISA-IEC-62443無料過去問 |　最初の試行で簡単に勉強して試験に合格する & 100% パスレートISA-IEC-62443: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist